The basic advantage of this speargun design is that it combines the much more efficient energy storage of a pneumatic system with the ability to load the gun with both hands. On a normal pneumatic gun you need one hand to stabilize the muzzle while you pull on the loading handle and if needed can only employ the other hand once the spear is nearly fully inserted and the gun is no longer in danger of pivoting off your foot where the rear handle is pressing.
The big diameter piston of 500 mm squared cross-section means that internal start pressure can be relatively low while providing a high level of force for spear propulsion. As water never gets inside the gun the piston has pressure on one side and a near vacuum on the other in what is a sealed system, so it is completely unaffected by ambient pressure at depth.
Rather than the piston pushing the spear it pulls it via a cable drive using an axle in the muzzle. The only other pneumatic guns with rearward travelling pistons as they shoot are the hydropneumatic guns, but facing water braking inside the gun they require very high start pressures or multiple loading strokes to drive shooting pressure up. This makes for a lowered operating efficiency compared with standard pneumatic guns, while the Dreamair's high efficiency will only be offset by friction of the piston seals and the need to wrap and unwrap the cables and spin the pulley/drum axle. A big loading effort can be used as the spear is no longer transmitting the force to the piston during loading as like band guns loading and gun cocking are two separate tasks.
Pneumatic guns combine loading and cocking which is very efficient while the gun body and spear are short, but drops away if cocking requires several pushes to complete the charging of the gun for shooting when the gun is much longer.
To obtain a piston cross-sectional area of 500 square mm the diameter of the piston has to be slightly over 25 mm, therefore it is about double the size used in most pneumatic guns of a conventional layout. An even larger piston of double the area (1000 square mm) was used in the oval bore alloy guns which were essentially monotubes.