Be happy to help. First of all, don't get broad looking at too many aspects of the entire speargun design unless you just want to touch off a little on each part.
A better paper might be just a couple aspect of the design. Which one's you say... Well what is your interest, mech engineering is pretty big.
Define how deep you want to go with a few metrics. Schedule time ( a year), how many man-hours you willing to put into it. What is your cost budget? What is the audience's expectation? Guessing you want to do physical data collection to verify the calculations.
Optimizing each aspect of the gun seems like a lot, is my point.
If I was grading you, seeing you dig deeper on a feature would be better than just touching everything a little.
Optimizing: What does this really mean? Max energy applied to target. or maybe accuracy and better groupings on target.