Do you mean making the inside form out of some other material instead of wax? No, I havent tried anything besides the syntactic form. For a straight cylinder, like this sample, that might work quite well.
The real advantage to something like lost wax, I think, is that the shape is only limited by your imagination. If you want to make it thicker in the middle (like some of the elaborate CF euro guns) then you can do so without regard to whether the inside form can be withdrawn. You could just as easily start with a 2" by 2" by 60" block of wax, and carve the most elaborate shape you could think of. As long as the wax has a way out.
I totally agree, with a shape that has more elaborate contours something like this would be needed.
I know you said KISS but two things that come to mind are: an inflatable form to put the CF around, or just making a thin innercore out of 2 parts(same mold) gluing together and laying the rest on top of that. Why would it matter if the thinnest inner most part was originally 2 pieces?